In the second part, based on the results of the empirical research, we show that factors such as teachers’ beliefs about their own qualifications, as well as years of work experience and subject area, statistically significantly influenced the development of the teachers’ professional identity. Thus, in the first part of the paper, based on an analysis of the literature, we identify factors that significantly influence teachers’ perception of their role and consequently, determine their professional identity. The role of a teacher is defined by cultural and social events and the environment, and they influence the differences that occur in the concept of teacher roles within different cultures, societies, including the geographic environment. Readable annual reports can help in monitoring corporate insiders’ opportunistic behavior and thus reduce agency costs.The text addresses the theme of teachers’ professional development.
The positive effect of annual report readability is stronger in private firms than in state-owned enterprises, and becomes stronger after the implementation of new accounting standards in 2007.
These results hold after several robustness checks. We find that firms with better annual report readability experience lower agency costs, and the negative association between readability and agency costs is more pronounced in firms with higher external audit quality, internal control quality or analyst coverage. Using 19,221 firm-year observations of Chinese A-share listed firms from 2001 to 2015, we investigate the association between annual report readability and corporate agency costs, where readability is proxied by report file length and/or file size. Difficulties with the readability of these reports may therefore have serious consequences. Annual reports are the main sources of information for outside investors’ investment decisions and enable shareholders to supervise the management.
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